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Overview SPSS Factor Analysis Tutorials

Overview SPSS Factor Analysis Tutorials

Factor Analysis in SPSS

SPSS Factor Analysis – Beginners Tutorial

Factor analysis examines which variables in your data measure which underlying factors.

This tutorial illustrates the ideas behind factor analysis with a simple step-by-step example in SPSS.


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SPSS Factor Analysis – Intermediate Tutorial

A nicely detailed, step-by-step SPSS factor analysis example.

We'll cover how & why to use promax rotation, remove items, decrease the number of factors and more...


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APA Reporting SPSS Factor Analysis

This tutorial quickly walks you through some handy routines for creating APA style tables for


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Computing Scale Scores in SPSS

Cronbach’s Alpha in SPSS

This tutorial quickly walks you through the basics as well as troubleshooting such as

  • increasing Cronbach’s alpha by removing items;
  • fixing a negative Cronbach’s alpha;
  • using pairwise exclusion of missing values;
  • APA style reporting.

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Split-Half Reliability in SPSS

Split-half reliability is the adjusted correlation between two test halves.

This tutorial quickly walks you through

  • a quick data screening;
  • the SPSS reliability dialogs;
  • the resulting output;
  • the Spearman-Brown and Horst formulas.

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How to Compute Means in SPSS?

The right way to compute means over variables is SPSS’ MEAN function.

For example: COMPUTE MEAN_SCORE = MEAN(Q1 TO Q5). computes mean_score as the mean over variables Q1 to Q5. This method also works correctly if you there's any missing values in your data.


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Factor Analysis - Background Tutorials

Covariance – Quick Introduction

A covariance is basically an unstandardized correlation.

This tutorial covers

  • when and why to use covariances instead of correlations;
  • basic formulas for covariances;
  • obtaining covariances from Googlesheets and SPSS;
  • and way more...

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SPSS FACTOR Computes Wrong Covariances

SPSS FACTOR computes wrong covariances when pairwise exclusion of missing values is used.

For correct covariances, use

  • CORRELATIONS or (better)
  • REGRESSION.

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